Background: Subfertility is a clinical condition which affects between 10-17% of couples during their reproductive age. Amongst its causes, anovulatory factors are responsible for the 27% of the cases. In this aspect, subfertile couples should be investigated with the purpose of to rule out anovulation as subfertility cause. However, and in spite of decades of developments, to date there is no consensus on which test should be performed as a part of initial evaluation on these patients. Objective: To critically evaluate the available tests to investigate the anovulatory factor as a component of the initial evaluation on subfertile patients. Conclusion: The analysis of the evidence establishes that the determination of serum progesterone on day 23 of the menstrual cycle, is the test to perform in the initial assessment of ovulation in subfertile patients.

Antecedentes: La subfertilidad corresponde a una condición que afecta entre el 10-17% de las parejas. Dentro de las causas, los factores anovulatorios corresponden al 27% de los casos. Las parejas subfértiles deben ser estudiadas con el fin de descartar el factor ovulatorio. No existe consenso en los exámenes que deberían ser realizados en la evaluación inicial del factor ovulatorio. Objetivo: Evaluar críticamente los exámenes disponibles para investigar el factor ovulatorio como parte de la evaluación inicial en las pacientes con subfertilidad. Conclusión: El análisis de la evidencia, establece que la determinación de la progesterona sérica en el día 23 del ciclo menstrual es el examen a realizar en la evaluación inicial de la ovulación en pacientes subfértiles.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is an important symptom that can mean presence of endometrial cáncer or endometrial hyperplasia. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of selected diagnostic methods in peri and potmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding, and to propose a way to manage in these patients. Different diagnostic methods are assessed, which include transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography, Doppler technique, magnetic resonance images, biopsy by Pipelle, dilatation and curettage, and hysteroscopy. It is founded that ultrasonography has a high efficiency when it comes for identifying diffuse lesions, while sonohysterography has a high efficiency for identify focal lesions. On the other hand biopsy by Pipelle has demonstrated to rule out diffuse pathology with a high efficiency. It is concluded that the best way to manage patients with abnormal uterine bleeding by performing ultrasonography and sonohysterography at the same time followed by a Pipelle biopsy. Finally, it can be suggested that by this way it is highly probable that all cases with endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia can be identified

El sangrado uterino anormal es un importante síntoma que puede indicar la presencia de cáncer o hiperpla-sia endometrial. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la eficiencia de los diversos métodos diagnósticos en pacientes peri y postmenopáusicas con sangrado uterino anormal y proponer una vía de manejo en estas pacientes. Diferentes métodos diagnósticos serán evaluados, incluyendo ecografíatransvaginal, sonohiste-rografía, Doppler, resonancia magnética nuclear, biopsia por Pipelle, dilatación y curetage e histeroscopia. Está demostrado que la ecografía transvaginal tiene una alta eficiencia para el reconocimiento de lesiones difusas, mientras que sonohisterografía tiene una alta eficiencia para identificar lesiones focales. Por otro lado, la biopsia por Pipelle ha demostrado descartar patología difusa con una alta eficiencia. Se concluye que la mejor vía para el estudio de pacientes con sangrado uterino anormal es realizar una ecografíatransvaginal y una histerosonografía en el mismo momento, seguido por una biopsia mediante Pipelle. Finalmente, puede ser sugerido que por esta vía es altamente probable que todos los casos de cáncer e hiperplasia endometrial puedan ser identificados

The management of arterial hypertension has experienced great changes during the past years, based on the knowledge of its pathophysiology, as well as the development of new antihypertensive drugs. Recent studies show the effect of the dysfunction of the endothelium in hypertension, sleep apnea and a higher prevalence of primary hyperaldosterism. The Sixth report of the Joint Committee makes a new classification of this pathology, including a new concept of the stratification of risk for each stage of the disease, and according to it a new way of treatment. This fact marks a new and a more aggressive behaviour to treat the hypertense patient. With respect to the treatment, the emphasis has been on the non-pharmacological measures, and the development of new antihypertensive drugs of long action and high through/peek rate. Prevention continues to be an important goal and main challenge for the clinician, given the high morbidity and mortality rate caused by hypertension (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 107-114)

A control law was designed for a satellite launcher ( rocket ) vehicle using eigenstructure assignment in order that the vehicle tracks a reference attitude and also to decouple the yaw response from roll and pitch manoeuvres and to decouple the pitch response from roll and yaw manoeuvres. The design was based on a complete linear coupled model obtained from the complete vehicle non linear model by linearization at each trajectory point. After all, the design was assessed with the vehicle time varying non-linear model showing a good performance and robustness. The used design method is explained and a case study for the Brazilian satellite launcher ( VLS Rocket ) is reported.